Macro partitioning

Among vegan dieters, higher consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) is associated with reduced odds of inadequate protein intake, whereas higher consumption of unprocessed/minimally processed foods (UMPF) is associated with increased odds of inadequate protein intake.

If you are vegan, do not strictly avoid all ultra-processed foods (UPF) if it compromises your protein intake. This study found that vegans who consumed more UPF (like textured soy protein or supplements) were much less likely to have inadequate protein intake compared to those who ate mostly unprocessed foods. To ensure you get enough protein, consider including protein supplements or textured soy products, as unprocessed plant proteins alone may require impractical volumes to meet requirements.