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A lifestyle pattern characterized by high consumption of food, alcohol, and cigarettes is associated with higher triglycerides, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GTP), and diastolic blood pressure in T2DM patients.

For T2DM patients, high intake of alcohol, cigarettes, and large meals contributes to liver stress and high triglycerides. Reducing these specific behaviors can improve liver enzyme levels and blood pressure, even if blood sugar control remains stable.

ModerateSupportsMEDIUM confidence
Subjects characterized by high consumption of food, alcohol and cigarettes (type 2 pattern) had high levels of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, blood pressure, and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity.
Takeshi Ogihara et al. · PLoS ONE · 2017

Why this rating

Cross-sectional design; however, the association with liver enzymes and lipids is strong and biologically plausible.

Source

Relationships between lifestyle patterns and cardio-renal-metabolic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study

Takeshi Ogihara et al. · PLoS ONE · 2017

DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0173540

cross_sectional · n=726Cited 16×
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DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10

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