Adherence
University students, particularly males, frequently consume protein supplements (often ~24g/day) primarily to build muscle mass, despite having a high incidence of gastrointestinal side effects and a significant lack of knowledge regarding the actual health risks.
If you are a university student using protein powder to build muscle, be aware that nearly 60% of users in this study experienced side effects like stomach issues or headaches. You likely do not need more than 24g per serving, and taking more than 40g offers no extra muscle benefit. Instead of relying on gym buddies or social media, consult a nutritionist to ensure you are not exceeding safe or necessary limits.
Among protein supplement users, 65 of 109 (59.6%) experienced some type of side effect... 123 (31%) thought that the greatest benefit was building muscle mass... 141 (35%) believed there was no risk involved.
Why this rating
Cross-sectional survey design limits causal inference; relies on self-reported data and snowball sampling, introducing potential selection and reporting bias.
Source
Assessment of the University Students’ Knowledge, Attitudes, and Use of Protein Supplements: A Cross‐Sectional Study From the United Arab Emirates
Taima Qudah et al. · Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism · 2025
DOI 10.1155/jnme/5582105
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