Hormonal
The protective association between dietary diversity and low muscle mass is significantly stronger in women than in men.
Women may derive greater muscle-protective benefits from dietary diversity than men, possibly due to hormonal differences. Women should prioritize diverse protein and anti-inflammatory food intake to counteract age-related muscle loss.
Subgroup analyses were conducted to evaluate potential interaction effects, revealing stronger inverse associations observed in women (P < 0.001).
Why this rating
Statistically significant interaction (P < 0.001) in a large sample, but cross-sectional nature limits causal claims about sex-specific mechanisms.
Source
Associations of protein-enriched dietary diversity, anti-inflammatory dietary diversity, and low muscle mass among older Chinese adults: a nationwide cross-sectional analysis
Tongxu Zhang et al. · BMC Geriatrics · 2025
DOI 10.1186/s12877-025-06596-z
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