Hormonal

Consumption of high-glycemic index (GI) meals induces rapid glucose absorption, leading to hyperinsulinemia and suppressed glucagon, which lowers circulating metabolic fuels (glucose and fatty acids) and triggers compensatory overeating in obese subjects.

For obese individuals, choosing high-glycemic foods (like instant oatmeal or white bread) over low-glycemic options (like steel-cut oats or legumes) can trigger a hormonal response that lowers blood fuel levels and increases hunger, leading to significantly higher calorie consumption later in the day, even if the initial meal size is the same. Prioritize food structure and glycemic index to manage appetite.