Hormonal
Two-year caloric restriction (approx. 25% reduction) in non-obese younger adults causes significant bone mineral density (BMD) loss at osteoporotic fracture sites (lumbar spine, total hip, femoral neck) driven by uncoupled bone turnover (increased resorption, decreased formation).
If you are undertaking long-term caloric restriction for longevity, be aware that it can cause measurable bone loss at the spine and hip, even if you are young and non-obese. This loss is driven by hormonal changes and increased bone turnover. To mitigate this, ensure adequate calcium and Vitamin D intake (as done in this study) and consider resistance training to preserve fat-free mass, which was identified as a key factor in protecting hip BMD.
prolonged CR-induced weight loss significantly decreased BMD at the clinically important sites of the lumbar spine, total hip, and femoral neck owing to an increase in bone resorption and a decrease in bone formation.
Why this rating
Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) with 218 participants over 2 years.
Source
Effect of Two-Year Caloric Restriction on Bone Metabolism and Bone Mineral Density in Non-Obese Younger Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Dennis T. Villareal et al. · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · 2015
DOI 10.1002/jbmr.2701
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