Research

Adherence

Increased snacking frequency during shelter-in-place orders is significantly associated with a higher percentage of calories derived from ultra-processed foods (UPF) and greater weight gain.

If you find yourself snacking more frequently, especially during stressful or confined periods, be aware that this behavior is strongly linked to choosing ultra-processed foods and gaining weight. To mitigate this, focus on managing snacking frequency and choosing minimally processed options for snacks, as this was the strongest behavioral predictor of positive health outcomes in this study.

ModerateSupportsMEDIUM confidence
Increased snacking was positively associated with a change in the percent of the calories derived from UPF and weight gain (β = 1.0, p < 0.001; β = 0.8 kg, p < 0.001)
Walter D. Sobba et al. · Foods · 2021

Why this rating

The study is a cross-sectional retrospective survey with a low response rate (<10%) and self-reported data, limiting causal inference despite statistical significance.

Source

Changes in Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Lifestyle Behaviors Following COVID-19 Shelter-in-Place: A Retrospective Study

Walter D. Sobba et al. · Foods · 2021

DOI 10.3390/foods10112553

cross_sectional · n=589Cited 15×
Read the paper
DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10

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