Hormonal
Smoking and consumption of goitrogenic foods (specifically cruciferous vegetables and processed meats) increase urinary levels of thiocyanate and nitrate, which act as competitive inhibitors of iodine uptake, thereby increasing the risk of iodine deficiency.
Smokers and those eating large amounts of cruciferous vegetables (broccoli, cabbage) or processed meats may have higher levels of goitrogens (thiocyanate/nitrate) in their urine. These substances compete with iodine for absorption. If you smoke or eat these foods heavily, ensure your iodine intake is adequate through diet or supplements to counteract this inhibition.
The risk for iodine deficiency is also dependent on environmental exposure to perchlorate, thiocyanate and nitrate that competitively inhibit active iodine uptake via the sodium-iodine symporter... greater exposure to abundant iodine uptake inhibitors from tobacco smoking and intake of specific goitrogenic foods corresponded to elevated urinary thiocyanate and nitrate
Why this rating
Strong statistical association with urinary markers of inhibitors; mechanism is well-established.
Source
The Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Iodine Deficiency in Canadian Adults
Stellena Mathiaparanam et al. · Nutrients · 2022
DOI 10.3390/nu14132570
More from this paper
- Dietary iodine intake is primarily derived from dairy products in Canadian adults, and public health policies promoting salt restriction and reduced dairy consumption may inadvertently increase the risk of iodine deficiency.Good
- Regional variations in iodine status exist in Canada, with residents of Quebec City and Vancouver having significantly lower iodine status compared to those in Hamilton and Ottawa, driven by differences in dietary habits and environmental exposure to inhibitors.Good
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