Hormonal
In visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of individuals with obesity and prediabetes, GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon distinctively modulate metabolic profiles, with GLP-1 shifting metabolism toward anaerobic glycolysis (increased lactate/alanine) and the other two hormones promoting oxidative phosphorylation (increased pyruvate consumption), suggesting an overall improvement in mitochondrial function.
For individuals with obesity and prediabetes, gut hormones like GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon do not act uniformly on fat tissue. GLP-1 appears to shift VAT metabolism toward anaerobic pathways (increasing lactate and alanine), while GIP and glucagon may support mitochondrial function by increasing pyruvate consumption. This suggests that the metabolic health status (specifically prediabetes) significantly alters how fat tissue responds to these hormones, potentially explaining varied clinical outcomes in weight loss and glycemic control therapies.
In VAT from patients with obesity and prediabetes, these hormones induced metabolic shifts toward gluconeogenesis suppression and oxidative phosphorylation enhancement, suggesting an overall improvement in AT mitochondrial function.
Why this rating
The study uses human tissue explants (N=19) with rigorous metabolomic analysis (1H-NMR), but it is an in vitro model using pharmacological doses, limiting direct generalizability to physiological in vivo conditions.
Source
Dysglycemia Shapes Visceral Adipose Tissue’s Response to GIP, GLP-1 and Glucagon in Individuals with Obesity
Tiago Morais et al. · Metabolites · 2023
DOI 10.3390/metabo13050587
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