Hormonal
Moderate alcohol consumption (1-3 drinks/day) is associated with a significantly lower risk of coronary heart disease in women compared to abstainers, while heavy consumption increases risk.
For women aged 40-65 who do not smoke and have no history of heart disease, consuming 1-3 drinks per day is associated with a lower risk of coronary heart disease compared to not drinking at all. However, this does not apply to stroke risk, and heavy drinking increases risk. Individuals should consider their personal health history and local guidelines before making changes.
The relative risks of coronary heart disease for women who consumed 1 to 3 drinks per day were significantly lower than those for abstainers (relative risk, 0.6; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.4 to 0.9).
Why this rating
Large prospective cohort study with long follow-up and adjustment for major confounders, but observational design limits causal inference.
Source
A Prospective Study of Moderate Alcohol Consumption and the Risk of Coronary Disease and Stroke in Women
Meir J. Stampfer et al. · New England Journal of Medicine · 1988
DOI 10.1056/nejm198808043190503
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