Hormonal
Diet-induced obesity causes adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) to switch from an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype to a pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype, which drives insulin resistance.
This research highlights that obesity triggers an immune response in fat tissue that actively blocks insulin action. While this paper focuses on mice, it suggests that reducing inflammation in fat tissue (potentially through weight loss, exercise, or anti-inflammatory diets) may be crucial for restoring insulin sensitivity, not just reducing calorie intake.
diet-induced obesity leads to a shift in the activation state of ATMs from an M2-polarized state in lean animals that may protect adipocytes from inflammation to an M1 proinflammatory state that contributes to insulin resistance.
Why this rating
Strong mechanistic evidence in mouse models with clear phenotypic markers, though not a human clinical trial.
Source
Obesity induces a phenotypic switch in adipose tissue macrophage polarization
Carey N. Lumeng et al. · Journal of Clinical Investigation · 2007
DOI 10.1172/jci29881
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