Hormonal
In type-2 diabetic patients, synthetic human GLP-1 [7-36 amide] retains significant insulinotropic activity and lowers glucagon, whereas synthetic human GIP loses its insulin-stimulating effectiveness.
For individuals with type-2 diabetes, medications that mimic GLP-1 (like semaglutide or liraglutide) are effective because they bypass the body's broken natural response to food. Unlike GIP, which stops working well in diabetes, GLP-1 continues to help produce insulin and lower glucagon, helping to control blood sugar without causing dangerous lows.
In conclusion, in mild type-2 diabetes, GLP-1 [7-36 amide], in contrast to GIP, retains much of its insulinotropic activity. It also lowers glucagon concentrations.
Why this rating
Randomized, controlled, crossover study with matched normal subjects and diabetic patients using hyperglycemic clamps, though sample size is small (n=9 per group).
Source
Preserved incretin activity of glucagon-like peptide 1 [7-36 amide] but not of synthetic human gastric inhibitory polypeptide in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus.
Michael A. Nauck et al. · Journal of Clinical Investigation · 1993
DOI 10.1172/jci116186
Related findings · Hormonal
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