Research
Hormonal
Inflammation and disease burden are critical etiologic criteria for malnutrition, contributing to altered metabolism, increased muscle catabolism, and adverse outcomes.
Malnutrition isn't just about not eating enough; active disease and inflammation can cause muscle loss and metabolic changes even if food intake is normal. Diagnosis must account for these inflammatory drivers.
StrongSupportsHIGH confidence
Inflammation contributes to malnutrition through associated anorexia and decreased food intake as well as altered metabolism with elevation of resting energy expenditure and increased muscle catabolism.
Why this rating
Supported by robust literature and consensus.
Source
GLIM criteria for the diagnosis of malnutrition – A consensus report from the global clinical nutrition community
Tommy Cederholm et al. · Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle · 2019
DOI 10.1002/jcsm.12383
clinical_guidelineCited 1,643×
Read the paper DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10
More from this paper
- Diagnosing malnutrition requires the concurrent presence of at least one phenotypic criterion (weight loss, low BMI, or reduced muscle mass) and one etiologic criterion (reduced food intake/assimilation or disease burden/inflammation).Strong
- Reduced muscle mass is a key phenotypic criterion for malnutrition, measurable by DXA, BIA, CT, MRI, or anthropometric proxies like calf/arm circumference.Strong
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