Research

Hormonal

Dietary supplementation with butyrate and propionate protects against diet-induced obesity and improves glucose tolerance in mice, with butyrate and propionate also reducing food intake via FFAR3-independent mechanisms.

In a high-fat diet context, supplementing with butyrate and propionate (specifically at efficacious doses like 2.5-5% for butyrate and 2.2-4.3% for propionate in the diet) can prevent weight gain and improve glucose tolerance in mice. Butyrate also reduces food intake through mechanisms that do not rely on the FFAR3 receptor. These findings suggest that specific SCFA supplementation may be a viable strategy for metabolic health, though human translation requires further study.

GoodSupportsHIGH confidence
Dietary supplementation of butyrate and propionate completely blocked HFD-induced weight gain... Butyrate significantly inhibited food intake... leading to a 22% reduction in nine-day cumulative food intake... The effects of butyrate and propionate on body weight and food intake are independent of FFAR3.
Hua Lin et al. · PLoS ONE · 2012

Why this rating

The study uses a rigorous knockout mouse model (Ffar3-/-) to isolate mechanisms, providing strong causal evidence within the animal model, though translation to humans is not directly tested.

Source

Butyrate and Propionate Protect against Diet-Induced Obesity and Regulate Gut Hormones via Free Fatty Acid Receptor 3-Independent Mechanisms

Hua Lin et al. · PLoS ONE · 2012

DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0035240

mechanism_onlyCited 1,380×
Read the paper
DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10

This is one finding among thousands. Every one is graded and traced to its source, so you can see what the evidence actually supports. Browse the research →