Research
Hormonal
The circadian pacemaker significantly modulates the amount of REM sleep, with maximum REM sleep occurring shortly after the minimum of the core body temperature rhythm, and minimum REM sleep occurring during the plateau phase.
If you are concerned about REM sleep deprivation, note that REM sleep is naturally higher in the early morning hours (shortly after the body temperature minimum). Disrupting this phase (e.g., by waking up too early) may disproportionately reduce REM sleep.
StrongSupportsHIGH confidence
A pronounced circadian modulation of REMS was observed... with maximum values of approximately 35% of TST. This maximum was located shortly after the minimum of the endogenous rhythm of core body temperature. Hereafter, REMS dropped sharply with minimum values of approximately 17% of TST at the plateau phase of the core body temperature rhythm.
Why this rating
Robust experimental design.
Source
Contribution of the circadian pacemaker and the sleep homeostat to sleep propensity, sleep structure, electroencephalographic slow waves, and sleep spindle activity in humans
Derk‐Jan Dijk et al. · Journal of Neuroscience · 1995
DOI 10.1523/jneurosci.15-05-03526.1995
rct · n=8Cited 1,346×
Read the paper DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10
More from this paper
- The endogenous circadian pacemaker significantly modulates sleep propensity, with sleep latency being shortest (highest propensity) when sleep coincides with the minimum of the core body temperature rhythm, and longest (lowest propensity) when it coincides with the maximum.Strong
- Total sleep time and sleep efficiency are significantly modulated by the circadian phase, being highest when the scheduled sleep episode coincides with the falling and plateau phases of the core body temperature rhythm, and lowest when it coincides with the rising phase.Strong
- Slow-wave activity (SWA, 0.75-4.5 Hz) in non-REM sleep is modulated by both the circadian pacemaker and the homeostatic sleep process, with the circadian modulation peaking around the minimum of the core body temperature rhythm.Strong
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