Research
Hormonal
EPA and DHA suppress inflammatory gene expression by inhibiting the transcription factor NF-kB and activating PPARs, thereby reducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-6 and TNF-alpha.
This mechanism explains why fish oil works: it turns down the 'volume' of inflammatory signals in your cells by blocking specific genetic switches (NF-kB). This is why consistent intake matters more than a single dose.
GoodSupportsHIGH confidence
EPA has been shown to block the activity of NFkB through decreased degradation of the inhibitory subunit of NFkB, IkB... PPARs have been shown to inhibit NFkB and therefore play an important role in several inflammatory processes.
Why this rating
Supported by multiple in vitro and animal studies cited in the review.
Source
Fatty acids from fish: the anti-inflammatory potential of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids
Rebecca Wall et al. · Nutrition Reviews · 2010
DOI 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00287.x
narrative_reviewCited 1,100×
Read the paper DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10
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