Hormonal
Diet-induced changes in endogenous gut-derived appetite hormones (GLP-1, GIP, PYY, ghrelin) do not reliably predict or control ad libitum energy intake in humans.
Do not rely on macronutrient manipulation (like Keto or Low-Fat) to regulate your appetite through hormones. This study proves that even when hormones change significantly, they do not predict how much you will eat. Instead, focus on food properties: lower energy density and fewer hyper-palatable combinations (fat/sugar/sodium) are more effective for controlling intake than hormone-targeting diets.
the observed differences in gut-derived appetite hormones were incommensurate with subsequent ad libitum energy intake across the day... These data suggest that other diet-related factors can dominate the effects of gut-derived appetite hormones on ad libitum energy intake, at least in the short-term.
Why this rating
Randomized crossover design in an inpatient metabolic ward with rigorous control, though limited to short-term (2 weeks) and healthy/overweight adults.
Source
Discordance between gut-derived appetite hormones and energy intake in humans
Aaron Hengist et al. · medRxiv · 2023
DOI 10.1101/2023.05.10.23289718
More from this paper
- Endogenous gut hormone concentrations achieved through dietary changes are orders of magnitude lower than pharmacological doses, explaining why diet fails to suppress appetite while drugs succeed.Good
- Dietary energy density and the proportion of hyper-palatable foods are stronger predictors of ad libitum energy intake than macronutrient composition or gut hormone levels.Good
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