Hormonal
Activation of the IGF1-Akt/PKB pathway in skeletal muscle drives hypertrophy by simultaneously stimulating protein synthesis via mTOR and inhibiting protein degradation via FoxO transcription factors.
To build muscle, you must stimulate the IGF1-Akt pathway. This happens naturally through resistance training and adequate nutrition. The paper confirms that activating this pathway increases muscle size by building protein and stopping breakdown. Focus on progressive overload in training and sufficient protein intake to support this biological process.
A central component in this cascade is the kinase Akt, also called protein kinase B (PKB), which controls both protein synthesis, via the kinases mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and glycogen synthase kinase 3b (GSK3b), and protein degradation, via the transcription factors of the FoxO family.
Why this rating
Based on extensive in vivo genetic models (transgenic, knockout, and transfection) in mice and rats.
Source
Regulation of skeletal muscle growth by the IGF1-Akt/PKB pathway: insights from genetic models
Stefano Schiaffino et al. · Skeletal Muscle · 2011
DOI 10.1186/2044-5040-1-4
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