Hormonal
Therapeutic doses of metformin (up to 2g/day) increase AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity in skeletal muscle of subjects with type 2 diabetes, leading to increased glucose disposal and glycogen storage.
For individuals with type 2 diabetes, metformin therapy (titrated up to 2g/day) activates AMPK in skeletal muscle, which improves glucose disposal and increases muscle glycogen storage. This mechanism complements its known effect of reducing liver glucose production. Consistent daily use as prescribed is key to maintaining these metabolic benefits.
Metformin treatment for 10 weeks significantly increased AMPK alpha2 activity in the skeletal muscle, and this was associated with increased phosphorylation of AMPK on Thr172 and decreased acetyl-CoA carboxylase-2 activity... Metformin-induced increases in AMPK activity were associated with higher rates of glucose disposal and muscle glycogen concentrations.
Why this rating
Small sample size (n=8), short duration (10 weeks), but rigorous methodology (clamps, biopsies).
Source
Metformin Increases AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Activity in Skeletal Muscle of Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes
Nicolas Musi et al. · Diabetes · 2002
DOI 10.2337/diabetes.51.7.2074
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