Hormonal
Fructose metabolism generates uric acid, which causes mitochondrial oxidative stress and inhibits AMPK, leading to hepatic fat accumulation and insulin resistance independent of caloric excess.
Prioritize reducing added sugars (soda, HFCS, sucrose) over total calorie counting for metabolic health. The biochemical pathway of fructose metabolism creates uric acid, which drives insulin resistance and fatty liver. You do not need to avoid natural whole fruits, as they contain protective nutrients that mitigate these effects. Focus on the source of sugar, not just the calories.
Recent studies show that fructose-induced uric acid generation causes mitochondrial oxidative stress that stimulates fat accumulation independent of excessive caloric intake.
Why this rating
Strong mechanistic evidence from animal models and human metabolic studies, though clinical trials on uric acid lowering are mixed.
Source
Sugar, Uric Acid, and the Etiology of Diabetes and Obesity
Richard J. Johnson et al. · Diabetes · 2013
DOI 10.2337/db12-1814
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