Hormonal
Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus causes endothelial dysfunction and platelet hyperactivity through oxidative stress, AGE formation, and PKC activation, leading to accelerated atherosclerosis.
For T2DM patients, controlling blood sugar is not enough to prevent heart disease. You must address the underlying vascular damage caused by high glucose and insulin resistance. This involves managing oxidative stress and inflammation through medication (like SGLT2 inhibitors or GLP-1 agonists mentioned in the text) and lifestyle changes, not just glucose monitoring.
The metabolic milieu of T2DM, including insulin resistance, hyperglycemia and release of excess free fatty acids, along with other metabolic abnormalities affects vascular wall by a series of events including endothelial dysfunction, platelet hyperreactivity, oxidative stress and low-grade inflammation. Activation of these events further enhances vasoconstriction and promotes thrombus formation, ultimately resulting in the development of atherosclerosis.
Why this rating
Based on a comprehensive review of multiple clinical trials and mechanistic studies cited in the text.
Source
Endothelial dysfunction and platelet hyperactivity in type 2 diabetes mellitus: molecular insights and therapeutic strategies
Raminderjit Kaur et al. · Cardiovascular Diabetology · 2018
DOI 10.1186/s12933-018-0763-3
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