Research
Hormonal
Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) provide cardiovascular protection through anti-atherogenic, anti-thrombotic, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, with benefits observed at intakes around 1g/day.
Aim for 1g of EPA/DHA daily. If you don't eat oily fish, use supplements or seek out fortified foods like omega-3 enriched milk or spreads. This dose is sufficient to improve cardiovascular surrogate markers.
StrongSupportsVERY_HIGH confidence
Evidence for anti-atherogenic, anti-thrombotic, anti-inflammatory and immuno-suppressive actions of long chain omega-3 PUFA from fish and fish oils are available from a range of epidemiological and experimental studies in man.
Why this rating
Strong consensus from epidemiological and experimental studies; basis for expert body recommendations.
Source
Dietary fatty acids and human health
Christine M. Williams · Annales de Zootechnie · 2000
DOI 10.1051/animres:2000116
narrative_reviewCited 643×
Read the paper DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10
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