Hormonal
Acetate administration, whether via oral vinegar, colonic infusion, or microbial fermentation of acetogenic fibers, improves body weight control and insulin sensitivity through mechanisms involving increased energy expenditure, fat oxidation, and the secretion of satiety hormones (GLP-1, PYY).
To leverage acetate for metabolic health, you can consume vinegar (containing acetic acid) or foods rich in acetogenic fibers (like inulin or galacto-oligosaccharides). Studies suggest that 0.75g to 1.5g of acetic acid daily from vinegar may help with modest weight loss and improved fat oxidation in overweight individuals. However, results vary, and targeting the distal colon (via fiber fermentation) might be more effective for hormone secretion than direct acetate absorption in the upper gut. There is no single 'best' dose, and individual response depends on your gut microbiome composition.
Thus, potential therapies to increase gut microbial fermentation and acetate production have been under vigorous scientific scrutiny... acetate beneficially affects host energy and substrate metabolism via secretion of the gut hormones like glucagon-like peptide-1 and peptide YY, which, thereby, affects appetite, via a reduction in whole-body lipolysis, systemic pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, and via an increase in energy expenditure and fat oxidation.
Why this rating
Strong mechanistic and animal data, but human clinical trials are limited, mixed, or short-term.
Source
The Short-Chain Fatty Acid Acetate in Body Weight Control and Insulin Sensitivity
Manuel A. González Hernández et al. · Nutrients · 2019
DOI 10.3390/nu11081943
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