Hormonal
Post-activation potentiation (PAP) is a distinct physiological phenomenon from post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE), characterized by a short half-life (~28s) driven by myosin light chain phosphorylation, whereas PAPE occurs 6-10 minutes post-activity and is likely driven by increased muscle temperature and activation rather than PAP mechanisms.
Do not assume that a heavy warm-up improves your subsequent performance solely through 'post-activation potentiation.' The paper suggests that PAP (a biochemical state) fades quickly (~30s), while voluntary performance gains (PAPE) peak later (6-10 minutes) and are likely driven by increased muscle temperature and neural activation. Design your warm-up to allow time for these physiological changes to occur, and recognize that 'potentiation' is not the sole or primary driver of late-phase performance boosts.
Post-activation potentiation (PAP) is a well-described phenomenon with a short half-life (~28 s) that enhances muscle force production at submaximal levels of calcium saturation... However, enhancements in (sometimes maximal) voluntary force production detected several minutes after high-intensity muscle contractions are also observed... the time course of myosin light chain phosphorylation (underpinning 'classic' PAP) rarely matches that of voluntary force enhancement... changes in muscle temperature, muscle/cellular water content, and muscle activation may at least partly underpin voluntary force enhancement; this enhancement has thus recently been called post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE)
Why this rating
This is a narrative review citing multiple primary studies and historical data, providing strong theoretical and empirical backing for the distinction, though direct human evidence for MRLC phosphorylation in vivo is noted as scarce.
Source
Post-activation Potentiation Versus Post-activation Performance Enhancement in Humans: Historical Perspective, Underlying Mechanisms, and Current Issues
Anthony J. Blazevich et al. · Frontiers in Physiology · 2019
DOI 10.3389/fphys.2019.01359
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