Hormonal
GLP-1 receptor agonists lower blood glucose and HbA1c in type 2 diabetes by stimulating glucose-dependent insulin secretion, inhibiting glucagon secretion, slowing gastric emptying, and reducing food intake, with effects preserved in diabetic subjects unlike GIP.
GLP-1 receptor agonists (like exenatide/exendin-4 and liraglutide/NN2211) are effective injectable treatments for type 2 diabetes. They work by mimicking a gut hormone to boost insulin when blood sugar is high, slow down digestion, and reduce appetite. Unlike older gut hormones (GIP), GLP-1 works well even in people with established diabetes. While they require injections and can cause nausea, they significantly lower blood glucose and HbA1c.
GLP-1, but not GIP, inhibits gastric emptying, glucagon secretion, and food intake. The glucose-lowering actions of GLP-1, but not GIP, are preserved in subjects with type 2 diabetes.
Why this rating
Based on a review of multiple clinical trials, preclinical models, and physiological studies.
Source
Enhancing Incretin Action for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes
Daniel J. Drucker · Diabetes Care · 2003
DOI 10.2337/diacare.26.10.2929
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