Research

Hormonal

Selective GSK-3 inhibitors (CHIR 98014, CHIR 99021) potentiate insulin-stimulated glucose transport and lower blood glucose in insulin-resistant states without causing hypoglycemia.

This research identifies a class of drugs (GSK-3 inhibitors) that can improve how insulin works in people with insulin resistance, helping to lower blood sugar without the risk of dangerous lows. While not a lifestyle intervention, it highlights that targeting specific enzymes can restore insulin sensitivity.

ModerateSupportsMEDIUM confidence
Single oral or subcutaneous doses of the inhibitors (30 – 48 mg/kg) rapidly lowered blood glucose levels and improved glucose disposal after oral or intravenous glucose challenges in ZDF rats and db/db mice, without causing hypoglycemia or markedly elevating insulin.
David B. Ring et al. · Diabetes · 2003

Why this rating

Strong in vitro and in vivo rodent data, but lacks human clinical trial data in this specific text.

Source

Selective Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 Inhibitors Potentiate Insulin Activation of Glucose Transport and Utilization In Vitro and In Vivo

David B. Ring et al. · Diabetes · 2003

DOI 10.2337/diabetes.52.3.588

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DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10

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