Hormonal
Rapid catch-up weight gain during infancy (birth to 2 years) in small-for-gestational-age (SGA) children drives the subsequent development of central adiposity and insulin resistance between ages 2 and 4, despite normal overall weight and BMI trajectories.
For parents of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants, the rate of weight gain in the first two years of life is a critical predictor of future metabolic health. Rapid catch-up growth during this infancy period is strongly associated with increased abdominal fat and insulin resistance by age 4, even if the child's overall weight appears normal. Caregivers should monitor growth velocity and body composition during infancy, as this is the primary window for preventing adverse metabolic outcomes, rather than focusing solely on weight gain after age 2.
In SGA children, total and abdominal fat mass at 4 yr was more closely related to rate of weight gain between 0 and 2 yr (P < 0.002– 0.0003) than between 2 and 4 yr (P < 0.04 – 0.1).
Why this rating
Longitudinal cohort study with statistical significance, but limited by small sample size (n=51) and observational design.
Source
Early Development of Adiposity and Insulin Resistance after Catch-Up Weight Gain in Small-for-Gestational-Age Children
Lourdes Ibáñez et al. · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · 2006
DOI 10.1210/jc.2005-2778
Related findings · Hormonal
- Initial treatment for type 2 diabetes should be a combination of metformin and either an SGLT-2 inhibitor or a GLP-1 receptor agonist to achieve cardiorenal protection, rather than monotherapy or older agents like sulfonylureas.Strong
- For patients with specific monogenic obesity syndromes (leptin deficiency, POMC/PCSK1/LEPR mutations), targeted pharmacotherapy (recombinant leptin or setmelanotide) is highly effective and should be prioritized, unlike in polygenic obesity.Strong
- Continued weekly administration of 2.4 mg subcutaneous semaglutide prevents weight regain and promotes further weight loss in adults with overweight or obesity, whereas switching to placebo results in significant weight regain.Strong
This is one finding among thousands. Every one is graded and traced to its source, so you can see what the evidence actually supports. Browse the research →