Hormonal
Gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), specifically butyrate and propionate, improve metabolic health by enhancing insulin sensitivity, reducing energy intake, and inhibiting cholesterol synthesis.
Focus on dietary substrates that promote the production of butyrate and propionate, such as non-digestible fibers and resistant starches, rather than just total fiber intake. These specific microbial metabolites are linked to improved insulin sensitivity, reduced food intake via hormone induction, and lower cholesterol synthesis, offering protection against metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease.
Butyrate improves insulin sensitivity and raises energy consumption in obese mice... Butyrate and propionate, but not acetate, induce the production of gut hormones and reduce food intake... propionate inhibits cholesterol synthesis... substrates that can decrease the acetate/propionate ratio may diminish serum lipids and consequently decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease
Why this rating
The paper is a review citing multiple studies (animal and human) but does not present primary clinical trial data itself.
Source
Gut Microbiota Profiling: Metabolomics Based Approach to Unravel Compounds Affecting Human Health
Pamela Vernocchi et al. · Frontiers in Microbiology · 2016
DOI 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01144
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