Mixed
Walking is inversely associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and all-cause mortality, with brisk walking pace being a stronger independent predictor of risk reduction than walking volume.
Incorporate walking into your daily routine, aiming for a brisk pace (where you can talk but not sing) for at least 2.5 hours per week. This level of activity is strongly associated with reduced risk of heart disease and death, and may be more effective than focusing solely on the duration of slower walks.
Walking pace was a stronger independent predictor of overall risk compared with walking volume (48% versus 26% risk reductions, respectively).
Why this rating
Meta-analysis of 18 prospective cohort studies with large sample size (459,833 participants), though observational design limits causal inference.
Source
Walking and primary prevention: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies
Mark Hamer et al. · British Journal of Sports Medicine · 2007
DOI 10.1136/bjsm.2007.039974
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