Hormonal
Genetic variants associated with morningness (chronotype) and sleep duration are located near genes regulating circadian rhythms (RGS16, PER2) and photoreception (INADL, HTR6), indicating a biological basis for individual differences in sleep timing.
Your tendency to be a 'morning lark' or 'night owl' is largely determined by your genetics, specifically genes like RGS16 and PER2 that regulate your internal clock. Instead of fighting this predisposition, try to align your work and sleep schedules with your natural chronotype to improve sleep quality and metabolic health.
The chronotype-associated variants occur near genes known to be important in photoreception and circadian rhythms... The variant most strongly associated with chronotype... occurs near RGS16... Another signal occurs near PER2... INADL... encodes a protein that has been thought to be important in organising and maintaining the 'intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells', cells that are known to communicate directly with the suprachiasmatic nucleus
Why this rating
Large-scale GWAS (N=128,266) with replication in independent cohorts (23andMe, Chronogen, ICE) provides very high statistical power and robustness.
Source
Genome-Wide Association Analyses in 128,266 Individuals Identifies New Morningness and Sleep Duration Loci
Samuel E. Jones et al. · PLoS Genetics · 2016
DOI 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006125
More from this paper
- Genetic variants near the VRK2 gene are associated with shorter sleep duration, with each allele associated with approximately 1.6 to 2.0 minutes less sleep.Strong
- There is no consistent causal evidence that higher BMI or Type 2 Diabetes causes changes in chronotype or sleep duration, nor that chronotype or sleep duration causally affect BMI or Type 2 Diabetes, despite observed genetic correlations.Good
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