Research

Adherence

Higher density of BMI-healthy food outlets (supermarkets, fruit/vegetable markets, natural food stores) within a half-mile residential network buffer is associated with lower mean BMI and lower prevalence of obesity, independent of neighborhood walkability.

Living in a neighborhood with more supermarkets, fruit/vegetable markets, and natural food stores is linked to a slightly lower BMI. However, this effect is modest and exists alongside the benefits of walkable neighborhoods. Simply adding healthy food options without improving walkability or addressing other lifestyle factors may have limited impact on obesity rates.

ModerateSupportsMEDIUM confidence
Density of BMI-healthy food outlets (supermarkets, fruit and vegetable markets, and natural food stores) was inversely associated with BMI... The prevalence ratio for obesity comparing the fifth quintile of healthy food density with the lowest two quintiles combined was 0.87 (95% CI, 0.78–0.97).
Andrew Rundle et al. · Environmental Health Perspectives · 2008

Why this rating

Large sample size (n=13,102) and rigorous controls for walkability and demographics, but the cross-sectional design prevents causal inference due to potential self-selection bias.

Source

Neighborhood Food Environment and Walkability Predict Obesity in New York City

Andrew Rundle et al. · Environmental Health Perspectives · 2008

DOI 10.1289/ehp.11590

cross_sectional · n=13102Cited 411×
Read the paper
DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10

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