Hormonal
GLP-1 receptor agonists (e.g., exenatide, liraglutide, semaglutide) effectively treat type 2 diabetes and obesity by stimulating glucose-dependent insulin secretion, inhibiting glucagon secretion, slowing gastric emptying, and reducing appetite.
GLP-1 receptor agonists are a highly effective, FDA-approved class of medications for treating type 2 diabetes and obesity. They work by mimicking a natural gut hormone to increase insulin when blood sugar is high, decrease glucagon, slow digestion, and reduce appetite. While they can cause initial nausea, this is often manageable with slow dose increases. They offer the added benefit of cardiovascular protection for many patients.
GLP-1 directly augments glucose-dependent insulin biosynthesis and secretion from β cells... GLP-1 — in contrast to GIP — also powerfully inhibits glucagon secretion... infusions of GLP-1 in humans inhibited appetite and food intake, actions subsequently exploited in the clinic to treat obesity.
Why this rating
The paper reviews decades of research, multiple Phase 3 clinical trials, and the approval of multiple drugs (exenatide, liraglutide, semaglutide, teduglutide) for human use.
Source
Discovery, characterization, and clinical development of the glucagon-like peptides
Daniel J. Drucker et al. · Journal of Clinical Investigation · 2017
DOI 10.1172/jci97233
More from this paper
Related findings · Hormonal
- Initial treatment for type 2 diabetes should be a combination of metformin and either an SGLT-2 inhibitor or a GLP-1 receptor agonist to achieve cardiorenal protection, rather than monotherapy or older agents like sulfonylureas.Strong
- For patients with specific monogenic obesity syndromes (leptin deficiency, POMC/PCSK1/LEPR mutations), targeted pharmacotherapy (recombinant leptin or setmelanotide) is highly effective and should be prioritized, unlike in polygenic obesity.Strong
- Continued weekly administration of 2.4 mg subcutaneous semaglutide prevents weight regain and promotes further weight loss in adults with overweight or obesity, whereas switching to placebo results in significant weight regain.Strong
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