Adherence
Calibration equations that incorporate body mass index, age, and ethnicity into food frequency questionnaire, 4-day food record, or 24-hour dietary recall data substantially improve the accuracy of energy and protein consumption estimates compared to using self-report data alone.
If you are using self-reported diet data (like food diaries or questionnaires) to study health outcomes, do not trust the raw numbers. They systematically underestimate intake, especially in higher BMI individuals. You must apply calibration equations that adjust for BMI, age, and ethnicity to get accurate energy and protein estimates. Without this step, your study results will likely be biased and misleading.
However, calibration equations that include body mass index, age, and ethnicity substantially improve these numbers to 41.7%, 44.7%, and 42.1% for energy; 20.3%, 32.7%, and 28.4% for protein; and 8.7%, 14.4%, and 10.4% for protein density.
Why this rating
Large prospective cohort (WHI) with objective recovery biomarkers (DLW, urinary nitrogen) serving as the gold standard reference.
Source
Evaluation and Comparison of Food Records, Recalls, and Frequencies for Energy and Protein Assessment by Using Recovery Biomarkers
Ross L. Prentice et al. · American Journal of Epidemiology · 2011
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