Hormonal
In utero exposure to overnutrition (maternal obesity/high sugar) increases susceptibility to increased adiposity and disrupted glucose homeostasis in female offspring, whereas male offspring are more susceptible to changes in adiposity and body weight in some models, or hypothalamic inflammation.
Maternal obesity and high-sugar diets during pregnancy program offspring for metabolic disease differently based on sex. Female offspring are particularly at risk for glucose homeostasis disruption and adiposity. This underscores the importance of managing maternal metabolic health before and during pregnancy, with awareness that the risks manifest differently in boys and girls.
Females seem particularly susceptible to develop increased adiposity and disrupted glucose homeostasis as a result of exposure to in utero undernutrition or high sugar environments, respectively.
Why this rating
Supported by multiple human cohort studies and animal models cited in the review.
Source
Sex and gender differences in developmental programming of metabolism
Laura Dearden et al. · Molecular Metabolism · 2018
DOI 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.04.007
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