Hormonal
The energy homeostasis system is inherently biased toward weight gain because catabolic pathways are tonically active in the basal state while anabolic pathways are suppressed, making the physiological response to weight loss (activation of anabolic pathways) more vigorous than the response to weight gain (further stimulation of already-active catabolic pathways).
Understand that your body is biologically wired to defend against weight loss more aggressively than it defends against weight gain. This is not a moral failing but a physiological reality: when you lose weight, your brain actively works to restore fat stores by increasing hunger and decreasing energy expenditure. Sustainable management likely requires strategies that account for this vigorous counter-response, such as maintaining catabolic pathway activation (e.g., through specific pharmacological targets or lifestyle habits) rather than relying solely on willpower to suppress anabolic signals.
The response to weight loss includes both activation of anabolic and inhibition of catabolic pathways and is, thus, inherently more vigorous than the response to weight gain (stimulation of already-activated catabolic pathways and inhibition of already-suppressed anabolic pathways).
Why this rating
The paper is a perspective/model review citing extensive genetic, pharmacological, and physiological evidence from animal models and human observations.
Source
Is the Energy Homeostasis System Inherently Biased Toward Weight Gain?
Michael W. Schwartz et al. · Diabetes · 2003
DOI 10.2337/diabetes.52.2.232
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