Macro partitioning
Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) promote cardiometabolic disease and obesity through mechanisms beyond simple caloric excess, including specific metabolic effects of fructose and promotion of de novo lipogenesis.
Avoid sugar-sweetened beverages. They are linked to higher risks of type 2 diabetes and heart disease through specific metabolic pathways (like liver fat production) that go beyond just adding calories. Water, unsweetened tea, or coffee are better choices.
food-specific saturated fatty acids and sugar-sweetened beverages promote cardiometabolic diseases by mechanisms that are additional to their contribution of calories to positive energy balance
Why this rating
Supported by prospective cohort studies, RCTs on biomarkers (LDL, triglycerides), and mechanistic studies, though the paper notes conflicting meta-analyses.
Source
Pathways and mechanisms linking dietary components to cardiometabolic disease: thinking beyond calories
Kimber L. Stanhope et al. · Obesity Reviews · 2018
DOI 10.1111/obr.12699
More from this paper
- Replacing saturated fatty acids (SFA) with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) reduces cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, whereas replacing SFA with refined carbohydrates (starches and sugars) has a neutral or adverse effect on CVD risk.Good
- Aspartame and other non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) do not promote weight gain, contrary to common belief that they stimulate appetite or cause metabolic harm.Moderate
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