Hormonal

Hyperinsulinemia alone inhibits whole-body protein synthesis and degradation by lowering plasma amino acid concentrations, whereas maintaining basal or elevated amino acid levels allows insulin to stimulate protein synthesis and suppress degradation.

To maximize muscle protein synthesis, you cannot rely on insulin alone. If you consume carbohydrates that spike insulin without adequate protein, your body may actually reduce protein synthesis because insulin lowers circulating amino acids. Ensure you consume sufficient protein alongside carbohydrates to maintain plasma amino acid levels, allowing insulin to effectively stimulate muscle building.