Hormonal
Obesity-induced adipose tissue hypertrophy triggers a proinflammatory state (via TNF-α, IL-6, MCP-1, and reduced adiponectin) that directly causes endothelial dysfunction by disrupting the balance of vasodilators (NO) and vasoconstrictors, initiating atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.
Excess body fat is not just stored energy; it acts as an active organ that releases inflammatory chemicals (like TNF-α and IL-6) and reduces protective ones (adiponectin). This chemical imbalance damages the inner lining of your blood vessels (endothelium), leading to stiffness, plaque buildup, and heart disease risk. Managing weight and inflammation is critical to protecting your vascular health.
Overexpression of proinflammatory cytokines with subsequent reduction of anti-inflammatory markers in obesity, is considered to be the link between obesity-induced inflammation and endothelial dysfunction.
Why this rating
This is a review paper citing multiple primary studies; it synthesizes established molecular pathways rather than presenting new primary data.
Source
Endothelial Dysfunction in Obesity-Induced Inflammation: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Implications
Ibrahim Kalle Kwaifa et al. · Biomolecules · 2020
DOI 10.3390/biom10020291
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