Research
Hormonal
Insulin resistance (IR) acts as a primary driver of cardiovascular disease (CVD) by promoting atherosclerosis through mechanisms including endothelial dysfunction, chronic low-grade inflammation, and dyslipidemia, independent of diabetes status.
Prioritize metabolic health markers like waist circumference and fasting insulin over just weight or cholesterol. Regular exercise and dietary modifications are the primary tools to improve insulin sensitivity and reduce cardiovascular risk, even if you are not diabetic.
GoodSupportsHIGH confidence
IR alone has been established as a separate risk factor for cardiovascular events, even in patients without diabetes mellitus.
Why this rating
The paper is a narrative review citing numerous cohort studies and mechanistic pathways, though it lacks a single primary clinical trial.
Source
Insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease
Constantine E. Kosmas et al. · Journal of International Medical Research · 2023
DOI 10.1177/03000605231164548
narrative_reviewCited 337×
Read the paper DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10
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