Hormonal

Adipose tissue-specific overexpression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) protects against diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance by enhancing angiogenesis, increasing thermogenesis, and shifting macrophage polarization toward an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype.

This research suggests that improving blood vessel density in adipose tissue (angiogenesis) may help prevent obesity and insulin resistance. In mice, this was achieved by overexpressing VEGF, which increased energy expenditure (thermogenesis) and reduced inflammatory markers. While not a direct human intervention, it highlights the importance of adipose tissue health and vascularization in metabolic function.