Hormonal
Chronic tissue inflammation, driven by obesity-induced macrophage accumulation and proinflammatory cytokine release, is a major etiologic cause of insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction in metabolic disease.
In obesity, fat tissue doesn't just store energy; it becomes inflamed, releasing chemicals that block insulin from working properly in your muscles, liver, and pancreas. This inflammation is a direct cause of Type 2 Diabetes risk. Managing metabolic health requires addressing this underlying inflammatory state, not just caloric intake.
It is now widely recognized that chronic, subacute tissue inflammation is a major etiologic component of the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction in obesity.
Why this rating
Strong evidence from multiple genetic gain/loss-of-function studies in rodents and consistent human observational data, though direct causal validation in humans is noted as pending.
Source
Chronic tissue inflammation and metabolic disease
Yun Sok Lee et al. · Genes & Development · 2021
DOI 10.1101/gad.346312.120
More from this paper
- Macrophage accumulation and polarization towards a proinflammatory (M1-like) state in adipose tissue is the dominant mechanism driving insulin resistance in obesity.Strong
- Chronic inflammation in pancreatic islets, driven by macrophage infiltration and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-23, IL-24), causes beta-cell dysfunction and reduced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in Type 2 Diabetes.Good
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