Research

Hormonal

Acquired obesity in humans is associated with the up-regulation of inflammatory pathways in subcutaneous fat, including the overexpression of osteopontin (SPP1), which correlates with insulin resistance and liver fat.

This research suggests that in early acquired obesity, your fat tissue stops breaking down branched-chain amino acids (found in protein) efficiently. This leads to higher levels of these amino acids in your blood, which may drive insulin resistance. While this doesn't prescribe a specific diet, it highlights that metabolic health involves more than just total calories; the specific handling of amino acids by fat tissue matters.

GoodSupportsHIGH confidence
The most overexpressed gene (5.9-fold) in the obese co-twins was osteopontin (SPP1), a Th1 cytokine, which is involved in macrophage recruitment and stimulation of T cell proliferation during inflammation. Expression of SPP1 was significantly correlated with liver fat (r = 0.42) and fS-insulin (r = 0.43).
Kirsi H. Pietiläinen et al. · PLoS Medicine · 2008

Why this rating

High-quality observational design using monozygotic twins controls for genetics.

Source

Global Transcript Profiles of Fat in Monozygotic Twins Discordant for BMI: Pathways behind Acquired Obesity

Kirsi H. Pietiläinen et al. · PLoS Medicine · 2008

DOI 10.1371/journal.pmed.0050051

cross_sectional · n=14Cited 308×
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DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10

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