Research

Adherence

Greater exposure to takeaway food outlets (at home, work, and commuting routes) is associated with higher takeaway food consumption and higher body mass index.

If you live, work, or commute near many takeaway outlets, you are statistically more likely to consume more takeaway food and have a higher BMI. To mitigate this, consider changing your route to avoid these areas, packing lunch from home, or choosing healthier options when eating out. Policy changes restricting outlet density may also help reduce these environmental triggers.

ModerateSupportsMEDIUM confidence
Exposure to takeaway food outlets was positively and strongly associated with takeaway food consumption and body mass index, with evidence of a dose-response association.
Thomas Burgoine et al. · BMJ · 2014

Why this rating

Cross-sectional design prevents causal inference; potential for reverse causality (self-selection) is acknowledged.

Source

Associations between exposure to takeaway food outlets, takeaway food consumption, and body weight in Cambridgeshire, UK: population based, cross sectional study

Thomas Burgoine et al. · BMJ · 2014

DOI 10.1136/bmj.g1464

cross_sectional · n=5442Cited 304×
Read the paper
DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10

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