Research

Hormonal

Higher gut microbial alpha diversity (Shannon index and richness) and a higher abundance of specific butyrate-producing bacterial taxa are associated with lower insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and a lower prevalence of type 2 diabetes.

Maintaining a diverse gut microbiome, particularly one rich in butyrate-producing bacteria, is linked to better insulin sensitivity and a lower risk of Type 2 Diabetes. While this study is observational, it suggests that dietary strategies supporting microbial diversity (often associated with high-fiber, plant-rich diets) may support metabolic health.

GoodSupportsHIGH confidence
In this cross-sectional study, higher microbiome α diversity, along with more butyrate-producing gut bacteria, was associated with less type 2 diabetes and with lower insulin resistance among individuals without diabetes.
Zhangling Chen et al. · JAMA Network Open · 2021

Why this rating

Large population-based cohorts (n=2166) with rigorous adjustment for confounders (BMI, lifestyle, meds), but the design is cross-sectional, preventing causal inference.

Source

Association of Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes With Gut Microbial Diversity

Zhangling Chen et al. · JAMA Network Open · 2021

DOI 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.18811

cross_sectional · n=2166Cited 303×
Read the paper
DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10

This is one finding among thousands. Every one is graded and traced to its source, so you can see what the evidence actually supports. Browse the research →