Research
Macro partitioning
Trans fatty acid intake should be kept below 1% of energy intake because they are harmful to cardiovascular risk, though current levels in some regions (like Spain) are low due to margarine regulations.
Minimize trans fats. Check labels for partially hydrogenated oils. Current regulations have largely reduced this risk in many markets.
WeakSupportsHIGH confidence
The established threshold of < 1 % of energy intake as trans FA, well known to be harmful for cardiovascular risk, is fulfilled in Spain due in part to its present low levels in margarines.
Why this rating
Consensus guideline based on established harm.
Source
[CONSENSUS ON FATS AND OILS IN THE DIET OF S ISH ADULTS; POSITION PAPER OF THE SPANISH FEDERATION OF FOOD, NUTRITION AND DIETETICS SOCIETIES].
Emilio Ros et al. · PubMed · 2015
DOI 10.3305/nh.2015.32.2.9202
clinical_guidelineCited 35×
Read the paper DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10
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- Replacing saturated fatty acids (SFA) with monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) reduces cardiovascular risk, with the specific benefit depending on the parent food source rather than the fatty acid in isolation.Weak
- Consuming fatty fish at least twice per week to achieve at least 250 mg/day of marine n-3 PUFA (EPA/DHA) is cardioprotective.Weak
- n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are cardioprotective, and increasing consumption of vegetable sources (seeds, derived oils) is encouraged to meet the 5-10% energy recommendation.Weak
Related findings · Macro partitioning
- Total daily protein intake of 1.6 g/kg/day is sufficient for maximizing resistance training-induced muscle gains, with an upper confidence interval of 2.2 g/kg/day.Strong
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- Trans fats should be completely eliminated from the diet, as they increase LDL cholesterol, decrease HDL cholesterol, and are directly associated with increased coronary risk.Strong
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