Hormonal
Approximately 30% of illicit anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) users develop a distinct dependence syndrome characterized by chronic use despite adverse physical and psychosocial effects.
If you are using AAS illicitly, recognize that about 30% of users develop a dependence syndrome. This involves continuing use despite negative health or social consequences, experiencing withdrawal symptoms (fatigue, depression, loss of libido) when stopping, and spending significant time obtaining or using the drug. Standard addiction criteria need adaptation because AAS do not cause acute intoxication. If you are struggling with use, seek help from professionals familiar with AAS culture to address both the physical dependence and the underlying body image concerns.
About 30% of AAS users appear to develop a dependence syndrome, characterized by chronic AAS use despite adverse effects on physical, psychosocial or occupational functioning.
Why this rating
Based on multiple human observational studies and animal self-administration models, though subject to selection bias.
Source
Anabolic–androgenic steroid dependence: an emerging disorder
Gen Kanayama et al. · Addiction · 2009
DOI 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02734.x
More from this paper
- AAS dependence shares significant neurobiological mechanisms with opioid dependence, including opioid-like withdrawal symptoms and cross-sensitization.Good
- AAS dependence is associated with higher rates of conduct disorder, antisocial traits, and other substance dependencies, particularly opioid dependence.Good
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