Hormonal
Insulin acts as an anorexigenic signal in the CNS by binding to insulin receptors in the hypothalamus, activating PI3K signaling to inhibit NPY and stimulate POMC, thereby reducing food intake.
Insulin does more than manage blood sugar; it signals your brain that you have enough energy. High insulin levels (common in obesity) can lead to central insulin resistance, blunting this satiety signal. Improving insulin sensitivity through diet and exercise may help restore this natural appetite regulation.
Insulin... acts as an anorectic signal within the CNS... The i.c.v. or intrahypothalamic administration of insulin to primates and rodents reduces food intake... Insulin binding to IR leads to the autophosphorylation of the receptor and the consequent recruitment of IRS proteins, which converge with the leptin pathway at the PI3K level... The activation of the insulin signaling pathway results in reduced expression of NPY and increased levels of POMC in the ARC, thus stimulating an anorexigenic effect.
Why this rating
Supported by administration studies and genetic models, though some knockout studies show less dramatic phenotypes than leptin.
Source
Hypothalamic and brainstem neuronal circuits controlling homeostatic energy balance
Marc Schneeberger et al. · Journal of Endocrinology · 2013
DOI 10.1530/joe-13-0398
More from this paper
- Leptin acts as an anorexigenic signal by binding to LEPRb in the hypothalamus, activating the JAK2/STAT3 and PI3K pathways to stimulate POMC and inhibit AgRP neurons, thereby reducing food intake and increasing energy expenditure.Strong
- Ghrelin acts as an orexigenic signal by binding to GHSR on AgRP neurons in the arcuate nucleus, stimulating NPY and AGRP expression and increasing food intake and adiposity.Strong
- GLP1, secreted from intestinal L-cells after meals, acts as an anorexigenic signal by activating GLP1 receptors in the hypothalamus and brainstem, inhibiting food intake via vagal afferents and central circuits.Strong
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