Research

Hormonal

Overweight males exhibit higher fasting and postprandial GLP-1 concentrations compared to lean males, yet this hormonal difference does not translate to a difference in subjective appetite ratings or actual energy intake.

If you are overweight, your body may produce more GLP-1 (a satiety hormone) after eating than a lean person, but this doesn't automatically make you feel fuller or eat less. This suggests your body might be less sensitive to this specific signal. However, consuming protein preloads can still effectively reduce your subsequent food intake, just as it does for lean individuals.

GoodQualifiesHIGH confidence
Fasting GLP-1 concentrations... and postprandial responses... were higher in overweight subjects... There was no effect of BMI status on mean overall EI... or appetite questions.
Jane Bowen et al. · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · 2006

Why this rating

Robust crossover design, clear statistical difference in hormones, clear null result in behavior.

Source

Appetite Regulatory Hormone Responses to Various Dietary Proteins Differ by Body Mass Index Status Despite Similar Reductions in<i>ad Libitum</i>Energy Intake

Jane Bowen et al. · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · 2006

DOI 10.1210/jc.2006-0609

crossover · n=72Cited 283×
Read the paper
DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10

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