Hormonal

In obese and insulin-resistant individuals, adipose tissue exhibits a structural remodeling characterized by decreased capillary density, increased large vessel formation, reduced elastin, and increased Collagen V deposition around large vessels, which collectively inhibit angiogenesis and promote tissue stiffness.

This research highlights that obesity involves complex structural changes in fat tissue, specifically a shift toward stiffer tissue with fewer capillaries and more large vessels. While this paper does not prescribe a specific exercise or diet, it underscores that metabolic health is closely tied to tissue structure. Managing insulin sensitivity through lifestyle interventions may help mitigate these structural changes, though the paper focuses on describing the pathology rather than offering a treatment protocol.