Hormonal
Disruption of arcuate nucleus (ARC) neuronal regulation of energy balance and glucose homeostasis is a primary driver of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Understanding that obesity is driven by biological signals in the brain (specifically the arcuate nucleus) helps explain why willpower alone is often insufficient for weight loss. This biological perspective supports the need for medical or behavioral interventions that address these underlying regulatory mechanisms rather than blaming individual choice.
The disruption of this fine-tuned control leads to an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure as well as deregulation of peripheral metabolism.
Why this rating
Based on a comprehensive review of multiple genetic, optogenetic, and chemogenetic studies in mice, though human clinical translation is still emerging.
Source
Arcuate Nucleus-Dependent Regulation of Metabolism—Pathways to Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus
Alexander Jaïs et al. · Endocrine Reviews · 2021
DOI 10.1210/endrev/bnab025
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